An inquiry group setup by the U.K.'s antitrust authority has provisionally found that Apple's policies are "holding back innovation in the browsers we use to access the web on mobile phones."

While the report focuses substantively on Apple, it also highlighted a revenue-sharing agreement with Google, noting that the duo "earn significant revenue" when Google Chrome is used on iOS, which reduces their "financial incentives to compete."

The announcement comes in the same week as the Department of Justice (DoJ) in the U.S. said that Google should divest its Chrome browser, after a judge ruled in August that the internet giant was tantamount to an illegal monopoly on online search.

Today's findings have been a long time coming. The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) launched a market study back in 2021, looking into Apple and Google's dominance in mobile, including practices and policies around their respective app stores and browsers. The following year, the regulator confirmed it was launching a formal antitrust probe into this Android-iOS "mobile duopoly," focused on browsers and cloud gaming, noting at the time that it had concerns that they could be restricting competition and harming consumers.

On Friday, the CMA said it wouldn't be moving forward with the cloud gaming aspect of its probe due to changes Apple has already made, which "look to have positive implications for competition in this market," the report noted.

However, many of the other complaints remain. The CMA said Apple forces competing mobile browsers in the U.K. to use Apple's browser engine, Webkit, which limits what these browsers are able to do and curbs their ability to differentiate. Moreover, browsers that use WebKit haven't been given the same level of access and functionality as Apple's own Safari, which "has a negative impact on competition and innovation." This also includes limitations on how third-party apps can leverage so-called "in-app browsing," meaning access to the open web from within native iOS apps.

"We have provisionally found that Apple's restrictions limit the traffic available to challenger browsers in this type of browsing and also limit the extent to which apps can customise their users' browsing experience, as companies with millions of users like Meta would like to do," the report notes. "We have provisionally found that this limits competition and choice in terms of the options available to app developers to offer in-app browsing."

An Apple spokesperson said the company disagrees with the findings, and any changes could ultimately "undermine u ...